CGNAT and UK Home Broadband: Who Says So, and What a Public IP Costs
- Checked by hand 16 August 2026
- 17 providers
- Provider pages only, no forums
- Reviewed by Dr Alex J. Martin-Smith
- Next check 16 November 2026
Four of seventeen UK providers state in writing that home customers share a public IP address behind CGNAT. Those four are also the only ones that tell you either way, so this page ranks candour, not CGNAT use. A public or static IP costs nothing at Zen and £8 a month at toob. Checked 16 August 2026.
- Who says what
- What a public IP costs
- The port forwarding problem
- How to check yours
- If you have a public IP
- If you are behind CGNAT
- Questions
This page is for you if
- You want to reach a camera, a NAS or a home server from outside the house
- Port forwarding is configured correctly and still does not work
- You want to run a VPN back into your own home
- Your console reports a strict NAT type and nothing fixes it
- You are choosing a provider and this matters to you
You want a different page if
- You want to find your own IP now: use our what is my IP address checker
- You want the login and technical settings for your hub: use the router login and settings hub
- You need a static IP for a business: read the static IP business broadband guide
- You want gaming ports and NAT type basics: read broadband for gaming
There are only so many IPv4 addresses in the world, and there have not been enough for years. The industry's answer is Carrier Grade NAT: several households share one public address, and the provider keeps track of who is who. For browsing, streaming and everything most people do, it is invisible and harmless.
It stops being invisible the moment you want something outside your house to reach something inside it. A doorbell camera you check from work. A NAS you use from a hotel. A game server for friends. A VPN back to your own network. Behind CGNAT there is no address to reach, so none of it works, and no amount of fiddling with the router will fix it.
So the useful question is not "what is CGNAT". It is which providers put you behind it, will they sell you a way out, and what does that cost. We opened every provider's own pages on 16 August 2026 to find out. We used no forums, which matters here because forums are where nearly all of this is currently discussed.
We counted only what each provider publishes on its own help pages, product pages, terms and price guides. We deliberately excluded customer forums, including provider-run ones, because a forum post is not a contractual commitment and staff answers are not maintained.
That decision does a lot of work on this page, so here is what it leaves out. On BT's own community, a BT moderator wrote in June 2023: "We've confirmed with broadband network design that we do not use CGNAT on Consumer Broadband lines." Similar answers appear from volunteer experts on the EE and Plusnet communities. Those are three years old, unmaintained, and not commitments, which is exactly why we have not counted them. But they point the same way as general industry understanding: the large Openreach-based providers are not thought to put residential customers behind CGNAT.
So read the table below as a record of what each provider commits to in writing. A blank row is a documentation gap, not an accusation.
The providers that document this are the small ones. brsk, toob, YouFibre and Community Fibre all name CGNAT on their own websites, explain it, and price a way out. Not one of BT, EE, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk, Plusnet, Vodafone or Three uses the term on any published help page, product page, price guide or set of terms. On the biggest networks in the country the subject lives entirely on the customer forums, where answers are informal, undated and not commitments. That is a documentation gap rather than a network policy, and the two should not be confused.
Who says what, provider by provider
Ordered by how much each provider publishes, most first. "Not published" means we could not find it on that provider's own site. It does not mean the provider does or does not use CGNAT, and we have deliberately not guessed.
| Provider | Names CGNAT? | What it publishes | Public or static IP at home | IPv6 stated on site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| brsk | Yes | "brsk uses Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) for all residential customers, which means you don't have a public IPv4 address." Clause 8.3 of its contract, dated 1 December 2025, adds that a connection "may also be placed behind a Network Address Translation (CGNAT) system at our discretion" | £5 a month add-on named BetterIP | Yes, free "a static range of IPv6 addresses free of charge" |
| toob | Yes | "At toob, your IPv4 address is part of CG-NAT by default, on all our home broadband products." | £8 a month "available on all of our broadband speeds except toob essentials" | Yes "toob's router operates with both IPv4 and IPv6" |
| YouFibre | Yes | "We use Carrier-Grade Nat (CGNAT) to efficiently assign and maximise our IPv4 addresses range." | £5 a month one only, and "It's not for commercial use though" | Yes "our network supports IPv4 and IPv6" |
| Community Fibre | Yes | "All customers who sign up or renew since 04/06/2026 will be assigned onto CGNAT". It also publishes a port forwarding page that ties availability to holding a public IP | £4 a month public IP add-on. Static IP is "available to only our Business Fibre Broadband customers" | Not published |
| Zen Internet | Never uses the term | Lists "One Static IP address" in its residential package inclusions, and says a static IP is "free with every Zen connection" | Free, included | Yes, free on request "the free activation of IPv6 on your service" |
| Hyperoptic | Never uses the term | "At Hyperoptic, our home broadband packages come with a dynamic IP address as standard." | £5 a month "you can add on a static IP for just £5 per month" | Not published |
| Virgin Media | Never uses the term | "All residential Virgin Media customers are provided with a dynamic IP address: it's affordable, hassle-free, and ideal for everyday activities like browsing, streaming, and staying connected." Note this addresses dynamic against static, not public against shared | Not on a home plan static appears only under Virgin Media Business | Not published |
| BT | Never uses the term | Its IP address help page states "You have a dynamic IP address", followed by an explanation of dynamic against static. Like Virgin Media, it says nothing about public against shared | Not on a home plan static appears only under BT Business | Not published for residential |
| Three | Never uses the term | Nothing on residential. Its business page says "No static IP is available with Three Business Broadband" | Not published | Not published |
| Vodafone | Never uses the term | Nothing on residential. All its IP content is scoped to Vodafone Business Broadband | Not published | Not published |
| EE | Never uses the term | Nothing published on residential IP addressing, on either fixed line or its 4G and 5G hubs | Not published | Not published |
| Sky | Never uses the term | Nothing published. Its help articles did not render for us without JavaScript | Not published | Not published |
| TalkTalk | Never uses the term | Nothing published. Its customer terms contain no IP addressing clause at all | Not published | Not published |
| Plusnet | Never uses the term | Nothing published. Its residential price guide has no IP entry of any kind | Not published | Not published |
| Gigaclear | Never uses the term | Nothing published, including in five versions of its residential terms | Not published | Not published |
| NOW Broadband | Never uses the term | Nothing published on any field, in its help centre or its contract | Not published | Not published |
| Utility Warehouse | Could not read | Its help site is JavaScript-rendered and every article returned an empty page for us. Article titles suggest static IP content exists | Could not read | Could not read |
BT and Virgin Media both describe home addresses as dynamic. That is a statement about whether your address changes, not about whether it is yours. A dynamic public address changes and still works for port forwarding, with a bit of help from dynamic DNS. A shared address behind CGNAT does not work at all. The two words get used interchangeably and they answer completely different questions.
What a public IP actually costs
Six providers will sell or give you a way out. Nobody else publishes one. The spread is the interesting part, because this is the same thing in every case: one IPv4 address, reserved for you.
| Provider | Monthly cost | What you get, in the provider's words | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zen Internet | Free | "One Static IP address", listed as a package inclusion. Zen also says it is "free with every Zen connection" | Included as standard. IPv6 is also free, on request |
| Community Fibre | £4 | "a public IP can be added for £4 per month" | Add-on, arranged by contacting the team. It "also allows you to port forward". Its port forwarding page also ties availability to package tier, so confirm yours qualifies |
| brsk | £5 | "Get a unique Static IP by adding our BetterIP service for only £5 a month to your brsk broadband subscription." | Requires an active BetterNet subscription. Its contract adds that a public static IPv4 is "subject to availability" |
| YouFibre | £5 | "You can add one static IP to your service for £5 a month to support your home set up" | One per service, and "It's not for commercial use though" |
| Hyperoptic | £5 | "you can add on a static IP for just £5 per month" | Residential customers must "get in touch to add this service" |
| toob | £8 | "Add this service onto your existing toob broadband contract for an extra £8 a month" | Monthly rolling: "can be added and removed from your account as you like". Not available on toob essentials |
| Everyone else | Not published | BT, EE, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk, Plusnet, Vodafone, Three, Gigaclear, NOW and Utility Warehouse publish no residential public or static IP option | Several offer one on business packages. See our business static IP guide |
If a public IP matters to you, Zen includes one free with every connection and toob charges £96 a year for the same thing. This add-on almost never appears in headline pricing, so it is genuinely invisible when you compare packages.
Keep it in proportion though. A free static IP is worth somewhere between £48 and £96 a year against the providers that charge, and monthly package prices differ by more than that. Compare the whole bill, not the add-on.
One practical note before the next section. If a public IP is the reason you are reading this, it is worth checking what reaches your address before you pay a monthly add-on for one, because a provider that includes it free may already be available to you.
The port forwarding problem, and who mentions it
Here is where this becomes a genuine consumer problem rather than a technical curiosity.
At least nine providers publish port forwarding guidance: BT, EE, Virgin Media, TalkTalk, Plusnet, YouFibre, brsk, Community Fibre and Hyperoptic. Between them these guides describe what to click, which ports to open and what it is for. TalkTalk's is the plainest about the use case, telling readers port forwarding is "generally for the purpose of gaming, file sharing or connecting to wireless devices like CCTV".
Three of the nine tell you it needs a public IP address. brsk states it directly, immediately after explaining that all its residential customers are on CGNAT: "This makes standard port forwarding unavailable by default." YouFibre says it inside its own port forwarding guide: "Please note, that if IPv6 is not currently available in your area, you will need a Static IP to achieve port forwarding, one static IP per customer at a cost of £5 per month". Community Fibre ties availability to the address you hold, explaining that for some customers port forwarding was available "as you will be allocated a Public IP address", and pointing everyone else at its £4 add-on.
BT, EE, Virgin Media, TalkTalk and Plusnet publish the instructions and stop. If you are behind a shared address, you can follow one of those guides perfectly, check every setting twice, and it will never work. The instructions are correct and the outcome is still failure, with nothing on the page to explain why.
Before you change any more settings, work out whether the problem is even at your provider's end. The test in the next section rules out the two most common causes in about two minutes, and one of them is free to fix.
Key facts, with sources attached
- CGNAT means several homes share one public address
- Community Fibre defines it: "CGNAT stands for Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation. It's a method that allows multiple users to share a single public IP address."Community Fibre
- Community Fibre moved new and renewing customers onto CGNAT in June 2026
- "All customers who sign up or renew since 04/06/2026 will be assigned onto CGNAT", and on the same page, "a public IP can be added for £4 per month". Customers already in contract are unaffected until they renew.Community Fibre
- brsk puts every residential customer behind CGNAT and says so
- "brsk uses Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) for all residential customers, which means you don't have a public IPv4 address."brsk
- It is the reason port forwarding fails
- brsk joins the two up plainly: "This makes standard port forwarding unavailable by default." YouFibre and Community Fibre say the same in their own guides. Five other providers publish port forwarding instructions with no such caveat.brsk, YouFibre, Community Fibre
- Zen includes a static IP free with every connection
- "Free static IP address. For easier remote access to connect to your remote desktop, a static IP is a must have for home working, what's even better is, it's free with every Zen connection."Zen
- toob charges £8 a month for the same thing
- "IPv4 static IP address £8 a month", available on all speeds except its entry package.toob
- IPv6 can be a way round it, where both ends support it
- brsk: "brsk connections support IPv6. If your devices do too, you can connect to them remotely from other IPv6-enabled networks."brsk
- Not one of the big six uses the word in published guidance
- BT, EE, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk and Plusnet publish no CGNAT statement on any help page, product page, price guide or set of terms we could find. The term appears on their sites only in customer forum posts, which we excluded. A BT moderator has said on BT's own community that BT does "not use CGNAT on Consumer Broadband lines", but that was in 2023 and it is not a published commitment.BroadbandSwitch.uk
How to check whether you are behind CGNAT
This takes about two minutes and needs nothing installed.
Find the public address the internet sees
Open our what is my IP address checker. Write down the IPv4 address it shows you.
Find the address your router thinks it has
Log into your router and look for the WAN or internet status page. Our router login and settings hub has the address and default password for every major UK hub.
Compare the two
If they match, you have a public IP address and port forwarding can work. If they differ, your traffic is being translated somewhere between you and the internet. That is not automatically your provider, which is what step 4 is for.
Rule out your own kit before you blame the provider
An address from 100.64 to 100.127 is IANA's Shared Address Space, set aside for service providers and used in practice for carrier grade NAT. If your router's WAN address is in that range, that is a strong signal.
But a 192.168 or 10. address on the WAN side usually means something different, and much cheaper to fix: your router is plugged into a LAN port of your provider's hub, so you are behind your own second router rather than your provider's network. Before concluding anything, connect a computer directly to the provider's hub and repeat steps 1 to 3. If the addresses now match, there was never any CGNAT. Put the hub into modem or bridge mode, or forward the ports on the hub itself.
Ask, in writing
Whatever the test says, the definitive answer comes from your provider. Ask two questions together: am I behind CGNAT, and can I buy a public IPv4 address. Ask in writing so you have the answer on record.
If you do have a public address and it still does not work
Most readers on a large provider have a public dynamic address, which means CGNAT was never their problem. Three things account for most of the remaining failures.
Dynamic DNS. Your address changes, so anything you bookmarked stops working after a reconnection. Use a free dynamic DNS name and point your app at the name rather than the number. Most ISP hubs and most retail routers have a client built in, usually under Advanced settings.
UPnP. If an app opened the port automatically, a hub reboot can quietly close it again. Set the rule manually instead and it will survive.
Blocked ports. Several providers block inbound port 25, and some block 80, so mail and web services fail for reasons that have nothing to do with your settings. Use a high-numbered port instead.
What to do if you really are behind CGNAT
There are four routes and they are not equally good.
Buy a public IP, if your provider sells one. Six do, at between nothing and £8 a month. This is the clean fix: everything works the way the guides say it will.
Use IPv6, if both ends support it. It is free where it is offered, and brsk and YouFibre both point at it. It is not automatic though. Three things have to be true at once: your connection has IPv6, the network you are connecting from has it, and you have opened your router's IPv6 firewall for that specific device and port. Every UK hub blocks inbound IPv6 by default and that last step is where most people stall. Because your IPv6 prefix can change, you will also want a dynamic DNS name with an AAAA record, and it is worth checking the app at the far end supports IPv6 at all, because plenty of camera and NAS apps are still IPv4 only.
Use a relay service instead of an inbound connection. Most modern camera, NAS and remote desktop products now offer a cloud relay precisely because CGNAT is so common. It works behind anything and costs nothing extra in most cases. It is also the reason many people never discover they are behind CGNAT at all.
Switch, if none of that suits. If you genuinely need a public address and your provider will not sell one, that is a legitimate reason to move. Two cautions. Availability: Zen is the only one of the six that is widely available, because it sells over the Openreach and CityFibre networks. brsk, toob, YouFibre and Community Fibre are regional builders, Community Fibre being London-focused, so check your postcode before planning around any of them. Total cost: a free static IP is worth at most about £96 a year, and monthly package prices differ by more than that. Compare the full bill.
What is not a route is changing settings on your own hub. No setting creates a public address that your provider has not allocated to you.
If you need a public IP and your provider will not sell you one
Six providers publish a residential public or static IP option, and one of them includes it free. See what actually reaches your address.
Compare broadband at my address Or check your current IP address firstHow we are paid. BroadbandSwitch.uk may earn a commission if you switch through our comparison tool. No provider paid for, saw or influenced this page, and the verdicts above rest only on what each provider publishes. Providers that do not pay us appear on exactly the same terms.
What we could not verify
- Whether the big six actually use CGNAT. This page reports what providers publish, not what their networks do. Eight publish nothing, and we have not guessed in either direction. Industry understanding and a 2023 BT forum statement both point to the large Openreach-based providers not using it on residential lines, but neither is a published commitment we could cite.
- Whether BT's "You have a dynamic IP address" is a policy statement. It sits on a BT help page explaining IP addresses, immediately followed by a general definition of dynamic against static, so it reads as much like an illustration as a commitment. Either way it addresses dynamic against static and not public against shared, which is the question this page is about.
- Utility Warehouse entirely. Its help site is JavaScript-rendered and every article returned an empty page. Search results suggest static IP articles exist. We could not read one.
- Sky's help articles. Same problem. Sky's product pages and terms carry nothing on IP addressing, and the help centre did not render.
- Whether Three, EE or Vodafone fixed wireless differs from their fixed lines. All three sell 4G or 5G home broadband and none publishes anything about IP addressing on it. This is the single biggest publishing gap we found.
- Community Fibre's IPv6 position. It publishes an article explaining what IPv6 addresses look like without ever saying whether it provides them.
- Whether any of these prices include VAT. Residential prices are normally quoted inclusive, and none of the six states it explicitly on the add-on page.
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Cite this page
This dataset is free to quote, in full or in part, with attribution. Researchers, journalists, forums and AI assistants are all welcome to use it. Please cite the check date, because prices and policies change.
BroadbandSwitch.uk. (2026, August 16). CGNAT and UK home broadband: Who says so, and what a public IP costs. https://broadbandswitch.uk/insights/cgnat-by-provider-uk/ In a sentence: BroadbandSwitch.uk checked seventeen UK broadband providers on 16 August 2026 and found only four name CGNAT in published guidance, all of them smaller altnets, while a public or static IP on a home plan ranges from free at Zen to £8 a month at toob, and only three providers tell customers that port forwarding needs a public IP. A provider publishing nothing is a documentation gap, not evidence that it uses CGNAT.
Frequently asked questions
Four providers state it on their own websites: brsk, toob, YouFibre and Community Fibre. brsk says it applies to "all residential customers", toob says it is the default "on all our home broadband products", and Community Fibre says everyone signing up or renewing since 4 June 2026 is assigned to it. Not one of BT, EE, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk, Plusnet, Vodafone or Three uses the term in any published help page, product page, price guide or terms, so we cannot tell you from published sources what they do. That is a documentation gap rather than evidence of CGNAT: industry understanding, and a 2023 statement by a BT moderator on BT's own community, both point to the large Openreach-based providers not using it on residential lines. The only way to know for certain is to test your own connection and ask your provider in writing.Which UK broadband providers use CGNAT?
Compare two numbers. Find the public IPv4 address the internet sees using an IP checker, then log into your router and find the WAN or internet address it reports. If they match, you have a public IP. If they differ, your traffic is being translated upstream and you are almost certainly behind CGNAT. As a second signal, a router WAN address between 100.64 and 100.127 is in IANA's Shared Address Space, used in practice for carrier grade NAT, which is a strong indication. A 192.168 or 10. address on the WAN side usually means something different and cheaper to fix: your own router is plugged into a LAN port of the provider's hub, so you are behind your own second router. Connect a computer directly to the provider's hub and repeat the test before concluding anything.How do I know if I am behind CGNAT?
The most common reason, once the settings are right, is that you do not have a public IP address to forward to. Behind CGNAT there is no address that belongs only to you, so incoming connections have nowhere to arrive. At least nine UK providers publish port forwarding guidance and only three tell you it needs a public IP: brsk, YouFibre and Community Fibre. BT, EE, Virgin Media, TalkTalk and Plusnet publish the instructions and stop. Before changing more settings, check whether you have a public address, and check that your own router is not plugged into a LAN port of the provider's hub, which produces the same symptom and is free to fix.Why does port forwarding not work on my broadband?
Between nothing and £8 a month, on the six providers that publish one. Zen Internet includes a static IP free with every residential connection. Community Fibre charges £4 a month, brsk £5 through its BetterIP add-on, YouFibre £5 for one that is "not for commercial use", and Hyperoptic £5. toob charges £8. BT, EE, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk, Plusnet, Vodafone, Three, Gigaclear and NOW Broadband publish no residential option at all, though several sell static IPs on business packages.How much does a public or static IP cost on UK home broadband?
Throughput is not affected, so a speed test will look normal. What it breaks is inbound connections: port forwarding, hosting a game server, reaching a camera or NAS from outside, running a VPN endpoint at home, and some peer-to-peer connections. Three other things can still go wrong and are easy to mistake for a slow line. You share the address's reputation, so a neighbour's behaviour can leave you with repeated CAPTCHAs or a block on a site or game. If the provider runs short of ports at peak, new connections fail while a speed test still passes. And consoles usually report a strict NAT type, which hurts matchmaking and party chat rather than speed. If pages fail intermittently but speed tests are fine, CGNAT is worth ruling in rather than out.Does CGNAT slow down my broadband?
Not from that provider, no. No router setting creates a public address that your provider has not allocated. Your realistic options are IPv6 if both ends support it, a cloud relay service of the kind most modern cameras, NAS boxes and remote desktop tools now build in, a VPN that offers port forwarding, or switching to a provider that sells one. Check before subscribing to a VPN: most of the big consumer providers have withdrawn port forwarding, and those that keep it usually hand you a rotating port rather than a fixed one, which many camera and NAS apps cannot use. Six broadband providers publish a residential option and Zen includes it free, though only Zen is widely available nationally.Can I get a public IP address if my provider does not offer one?
It is not a privacy feature, despite sharing an address with other households. Your provider still logs which customer held which session, so you are identifiable to anyone who can compel that record. What it does do is make you less directly reachable from the internet, which has a modest security benefit as a side effect rather than a design goal. If privacy is what you are after, our guide to VPNs, proxies, Tor and shared IPs covers what actually helps.Is CGNAT good or bad for privacy?
It can, and it is free where it is offered. IPv6 has enough addresses that sharing is unnecessary, so an IPv6-enabled connection can be reached directly. brsk points at this route explicitly, saying its connections support IPv6 and "If your devices do too, you can connect to them remotely from other IPv6-enabled networks". There are three catches, not one. Your home and whatever network you are connecting from both need IPv6. You have to open your router's IPv6 firewall for that device and port, because every UK hub blocks inbound IPv6 by default and this is where most people stall. And the app at the far end has to support IPv6 at all, which plenty of camera and NAS apps still do not. Zen provides IPv6 free on request, and brsk gives a static IPv6 range free of charge.Does IPv6 solve the CGNAT problem?
We cannot tell you from published sources, which is itself the finding. Three, EE and Vodafone all sell 4G or 5G home broadband and none of them publishes anything about IP addressing on those products. This is the largest publishing gap we found. If you are buying fixed wireless specifically to run a camera, a server or a VPN back to your home, ask before you order and get the answer in writing.Do 4G and 5G home broadband use CGNAT?
Three questions, in writing. Am I behind CGNAT or do I have my own public IPv4 address. Can I buy a public or static IP on a residential package, and what does it cost per month. Is IPv6 enabled on my connection. Those three answers tell you everything you need, and having them in writing matters if you are buying the service specifically for remote access.My provider is not listed. What should I ask them?
References
- brsk. (2026, January 8). Setting up port forwarding. https://help.brsk.co.uk/en/articles/11928013-setting-up-port-forwarding
- brsk. (2026, January 8). Troubleshooting port forwarding. https://help.brsk.co.uk/en/articles/11930196-troubleshooting-port-forwarding
- brsk. (2025, December 1). Home broadband terms and conditions. https://www.brsk.co.uk/documents/terms-and-conditions-home-broadband
- brsk. (2026). BetterIP. https://www.brsk.co.uk/betterip
- BT. (2026). What is my IP address? https://www.bt.com/help/broadband/what-is-my-ip-address-
- BT. (2026). How do I set up port forwarding on my BT Hub? https://www.bt.com/help/broadband/learn-about-broadband/how-do-i-set-up-port-forwarding-on-my-bt-hub-
- Community Fibre. (2026). CGNAT: what is it? https://help.communityfibre.co.uk/troubleshooting/ip-address/cgnat-what-is-it
- Community Fibre. (2026). Can I get a static IP address with Community Fibre? https://help.communityfibre.co.uk/troubleshooting/ip-address/ip-address--can-i-get-a-static-ip-address-with-community-fibre
- Community Fibre. (2026). Port forwarding: is it available? https://help.communityfibre.co.uk/troubleshooting/ip-address/port-forwarding-is-it-available
- Community Fibre. (2026). What IP address will I be assigned? https://help.communityfibre.co.uk/troubleshooting/ip-address/ip-address-what-ip-address-will-i-be-assigned
- EE. (2026). Set up port forwarding. https://ee.co.uk/help/broadband/getting-started/set-up-port-forwarding
- Gigaclear. (2026). Home networking guide [PDF]. https://gc-strapi-production.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/Gigaclear_Home_Networking_guide_76c3be1519.pdf
- Hyperoptic. (2026, June 2). Static vs dynamic IP addresses. https://www.hyperoptic.com/broadband/explained/business-broadband/static-vs-dynamic-ip-addresses/
- Hyperoptic. (2025, August 28). Business vs home broadband: what's the difference? https://www.hyperoptic.com/broadband/explained/business-broadband/business-vs-home-broadband-whats-the-difference/
- NOW. (2025, April). Your NOW Broadband and Calls contract [PDF]. https://web.static.nowtv.com/images/NOWTV_2025/Design_Assets/Gold/Misc/NOWCTC0425.pdf
- Plusnet. (2026, July 30). Price guide for residential products. https://www.plus.net/help/legal/plusnet-price-guide-for-residential-products/
- Plusnet. (2025, September 25). Hub Two user guide. https://www.plus.net/help/broadband/router-user-guides/hub-two/
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- Three. (2026). Three Business Broadband. https://www.three.co.uk/business/broadband
- Three. (2026). Home broadband support. https://www.three.co.uk/support/home-broadband
- toob. (2025, July 23). IPv4, IPv6 and CGNAT explained. https://www.toob.co.uk/blog/ipv4-ipv6-and-cgnat-explained/
- toob. (2026, April 22). Static IP. https://www.toob.co.uk/home-broadband/static-ip/
- toob. (2026, May 14). Broadband for gamers. https://www.toob.co.uk/broadband-for-gamers/
- Utility Warehouse. (2026). Broadband. https://uw.co.uk/broadband
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- Virgin Media. (2026). Is my IP address blacklisted? https://www.virginmedia.com/help/security/is-my-ip-address-blacklisted
- Virgin Media. (2026). Set up port forwarding and port triggering. https://www.virginmedia.com/help/virgin-media-set-up-port-forwarding-port-triggering
- Vodafone. (2026). What is a static IP and do I need it? https://www.vodafone.co.uk/business/support/articles/what-is-a-static-ip-and-do-i-need-it----37f45107-3e8b-4ceb-b213-a1dd30228643
- Vodafone. (2026). 5G home broadband. https://www.vodafone.co.uk/broadband/5g-home-broadband
- YouFibre. (2026). Why does my IP address change? https://support.youfibre.com/knowledge-base/article/why-does-my-ip-address-change/
- YouFibre. (2026). How many static IP addresses can I have? https://support.youfibre.com/knowledge-base/article/how-many-static-ip-addresses-can-i-have/
- YouFibre. (2026). Do you support IPv6 in your network? https://support.youfibre.com/knowledge-base/article/do-you-support-ipv6-in-your-network/
- YouFibre. (2026). How do I set up port forwarding? https://support.youfibre.com/knowledge-base/article/how-do-i-set-up-port-forwarding/
- YouFibre. (2026). Static IP add-on. https://www.youfibre.com/add-ons/static-ip/
- Zen Internet. (2026). Full Fibre broadband. https://www.zen.co.uk/broadband/full-fibre/
- Zen Internet. (2026). Broadband for working from home. https://www.zen.co.uk/broadband/working-from-home/
- Zen Internet. (2025, August 15). Does Zen provide IPv6 support? https://www.zen.co.uk/help-support/does-zen-provide-ipv6-support/
Adrian James, Broadband Editor. Every statement on this page was taken from the provider's own published page, terms or price guide and quoted rather than summarised. Customer forums were excluded entirely, including provider-operated ones, because a forum answer is not a commitment. Where a provider publishes nothing we have said so rather than inferring what its network does. Reviewed by Dr Alex J. Martin-Smith. Last checked 16 August 2026. Next scheduled check 16 November 2026. If your provider publishes something we have marked as missing, tell us and we will add it and log the change.